Our previous research demonstrated that by directly binding with Rac1-GTPases, murine TIPE2 dictates the strength of phagocytosis and oxidative burst in innate immunity, while human TIPE2 could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and suppress the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo [18, 19]. Here, TIPE2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.