Though FMGSs were rarely observed in four cancers (BRCA, KIRC, OV, and THCA; Table 1, Figure 1, Figure 2), their key driver genes and high mutation frequencies were in accordance with previous Pan-cancer studies (e.g. TP53 (30.9%, 35.5%, 32.1%, 53.3% corresponding to stage I, II, III, and IV, respectively) and PIK3CA (37.7%, 34%, 32.6%, 33.3%) in BRCA, VHL (43.7%, 30.8%, 42.4%, 41.4%) and PBRM1 (37.8%, 30.8%, 36.4%, 35.7%) in KIRC, TP53 (100%, 85.7%, 84.3%, 90%) in OV, and BRAF (57.3%, 40.8%, 71.6%, 75%) in THCA; Supplementary Table S1). Here, TP53 is linked to cancer.