A comparison of the peak level of HMGB-1 to the peak level of TNF-α reveals that the peak level of HMGB-1 is higher and that the time required to reach maximum concentrations of TNF-α was less than the time required for HMGB-1 (average of 9 hrs versus 24 hrs post infection) [82, 112, 113]. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is infection.