After Actinomycin-D treatment in vitro of preclinical ependymoma models (EP1NS as ST-EPN-RELA and SJ-BT57 as PF-EPN-A) PUMA was also shown to be upregulated on both the mRNA (Figure 5A) and protein level, when compared to matched loading controls (Figure 5B). This evidence concerns the gene BBC3 and ependymoma.