PINX1 and carcinoma: Furthermore, almost all PinX1+/− mice developed increased rates of cancer, with a shift in tumor spectrum away from the lymphomas and soft tissue sarcomas typical of mice toward epithelial carcinomas more frequently developed in humans, including liver, lung, mammary, and gastrointestinal carcinomas, which are also known to have frequent LOH at 8p23 in humans [51].