TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Human monocytes stimulated with proinflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TNF-α and subsequently treated with the novel Class I HDAC1 inhibitor NW-21 decreased synthesis of the proinflammatory cytokines MIP-1α and MCP-1, suggesting that HDAC inhibitor treatment may help reduce synovial inflammation and be potentially useful in the management of rheumatoid arthritis [105].