PAK1 and melanoma: Recently, the role of RhoJ has been explored in regulating the cell migration and invasion of melanoma by altering actin cytoskeletal dynamics [18], which is consistent with observations that RhoJ modulates actomyosin contractility [4, 12]; the same group suggested RhoJ as a linchpin determinant of melanoma that regulates chemoresistance by activating PAK1 [19].