Except Gal-9 (P < 0.05), other galectins (Gal-1, Gal-3, and Gal-8) did not respond significantly to parasite infection in the lungs of PbANKA-infected mice with or without α-lactose treatment; however, Gal-3, Gal-8, and Gal-9 were all significantly increased in the MLNs of PbANKA-infected mice with or without α-lactose treatment (Fig. 6a). This evidence concerns the gene LGALS1 and parasitic infectious disease.