These included a compensatory response to cancer weight loss and cachexia (Shimizu et al. 2003, Garcia et al. 2006, Wang et al. 2007, Karapanagiotou et al. 2009, Mondello et al. 2014), which has been previously reported in the literature (Wolfe et al. 2006); a mechanism to improve nutritional status (Tsao et al. 2007); an anti-inflammatory response to concomitant conditions such as cirrhosis (Ataseven et al. 2006); a protective response to cancer-induced inflammation (Karapanagiotou et al. 2009); or a mechanism to neutralize potential carcinogenic actions of leptin (Kerenidi et al. 2013). This evidence concerns the gene LEP and cancer.