One example is T1D, in which CD8+ T-cell-mediated killing is involved in the pathogenesis (reviewed in Gravano and Hoyer,11 Santamaria,12,13 Walter and Santamaria,14 and Liblau et al. 15) contributing to the clinical development of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and type 1 diabetes mellitus.