Although, the cleavage of PARP-1 indicate the caspase-dependent apoptosis, its activation coupled with the translocation of AIF to the nucleus may suggest caspase-independent cell death.58,63 Our data showing the subcellular redistribution (translocation from mitochondria to nucleus) of AIF by immunostaining and subcellular fractionation indicate the role of caspase-independent mechanisms of retinal cell death in endophthalmitis. Here, AIFM1 is linked to endophthalmitis.