Although there is an increased risk of bleeding with specific FVIIa inhibitors,24,40 a recent phase I study indicated that PCI-27483, a selective inhibitor of FVIIa, which promotes a 2.5- to 3.0-fold change in prothrombin time in animal studies, is nevertheless well tolerated in advanced pancreatic cancer patients.41 Although phase II study of this agent is ongoing, based on our results, it might prove to be an agent with therapeutic utility in HCC. Here, F2 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.