CD8A and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: To study the response induced by HLA-A*02-restricted HTNV-NP epitopes, we have previously used peptide–HLA (pHLA)-pentamers to detect the frequencies of HTNV-NP epitope-specific CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HLA-A*02-positive HFRS patients (21).