ARFRP1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Figure 3F shows that ARFRP1 was widely expressed in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm in hepatoma cells and the cellular localization of ARFRP1 was unaffected by NS5A protein. Dual staining showed colocalization of ARFRP1 with NS5A in the cytoplasm as yellow fluorescence. We further verified that the cellular distribution of endogenous ARFRP1 was not altered by HCV infection, and both ARFRP1 and NS5A were colocalized in the cytoplasm in HCV-infected cells (Fig. 3G). Collectively, these data suggest that ARFRP1 specifically interacts with NS5A both in vitro and in vivo.