Thus, it is of relevance to verify whether vaccines or immunotherapies against HIV infections can be safely administered to individuals infected by Mtb. In fact, the lack of this information has prevented enrollment of HIV-1 infected individuals with active TB in the Tat vaccine therapeutic trial conducted in South Africa [18], (ISS T-003, ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT01513135). This evidence concerns the gene TAT and tuberculosis.