The anti-HIV Tat protein vaccination administered to mice infected i.v. with Mtb: 1) did not favour Mtb replication; 2) limited the pathogen-driven immuno-mediated lung injury for at least 4 weeks after the last Tat dose; 3) did not abrogate the protective efficacy of BCG, the current TB vaccine; 4) enhanced early systemic Mtb-specific IFN-γ responses, essential for control of Mtb infection; 5) was immunogenic, as indicated by the production of anti-Tat antibodies; 6) was well tolerated. This evidence concerns the gene TAT and tuberculosis.