PIK3CA and Familial prostate cancer: The precise cancer inhibitory mechanisms associated with cranberries in specific targets are still be elucidated, but preclinical studies utilizing cranberry proanthocyanidins show inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways and modulation of MAPK signaling in esophageal, neuroblastoma, ovarian and prostate cancer cells and in esophageal xenografts [39,44,49,52].