MAPK3 and cardiac hypertrophy: In agreement with the critical role of ERK1/2, but not p38 MAPK, in the promotion of cardiac hypertrophy (Peterson, 2002; Rose et al., 2010; Asrih et al., 2013), neither did doxorubicin provoke the activation of ERK1/2 nor development of hypertrophy in diabetic hearts.