This is consistent with our previous observation showing the reduction of OS and DFS of patients with a pigmented melanomas at stage 3 and 4 [53], and on expression of several vitamin D related pathways such as VDR, CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 [9, 54, 10] and HIF-1α [55]. Here, CYP24A1 is linked to melanoma.