These factors included age, sex, drinking history, smoking history, positive HBsAg status, HBV DNA copy number, positive HCV-IgG status, hepatic cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, serum biochemistry, blood test index, serum a-fetoprotein (AFP) level, tumour number, tumour size, macrovascular invasion and portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and neoplasm.