CXCL11 and Mycobacterium infection: This model highlights the fact that the stabilization of the transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIF-α) favors the host response against M. marinum; the CXCR3/CXCL11 signaling axis is involved in macrophage recruitment and dissemination of mycobacterial infection, and Dram-1-mediated autophagy is an important host defense to counteract mycobacterium infection (Elks et al., 2013; Torraca et al., 2015; Meijer, 2016).