These endothelial cells release NF‐kB‐regulated cytokines and chemokines, including IL6, IL8 and MCP‐1 whose expression are increased in the plasma of patients with IPAH and is predictive of clinical outcome.5, 22 Novel agents are required that target these abnormalities. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.