The differences between the three entities were significant, too, with PDAC showing a higher expression of IGFBP3 than IPMN (p < 0.05) and SPN (p < 0.0001) and IPMN still demonstrating a higher expression than SPN (p < 0.02, Fig. 1c). This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP3 and pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm.