CXCL8 and viral encephalitis: A high CSF level of IL-8 relative to serum levels (Kawabe et al. 2010) and elevated levels of IL-10, IFN-gamma, IL-8, tissue regenerating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 were found in encephalitis patients but not in healthy individuals (Ichiyama et al. 2007; Kawabe et al. 2010; Ogata et al. 2010).