Whereas ACPA positive RA is associated with the shared epitope (SE) alleles in the HLA-DRB1 locus, the R620W risk allele of PTPN22 and with smoking [11–13], no association has been observed for the anti-CarP antibodies with any of these genetic or environmental risk factors [9]. This evidence concerns the gene PTPN22 and rheumatoid arthritis.