GDF15 and Alzheimer disease: Additionally, regression analyses using the same ARWMC criteria (score ≥ 8 vs < 8) to stratify the cognitive groups showed that GDF-15 was significantly associated with both CIND (OR: 13.57, 95%CI: 3.11–59.11) and AD (OR: 14.82, 95%CI: 1.32–166.41) in subjects with ARWMC score ≥8.