ALB and diabetes mellitus: It has been shown that people with impaired kidney function have a high prevalence of traditional risk factors or even nontraditional risk factors for CVD, such as older age, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, elevated fibrinogen and low serum albumin [26, 33], and the association between these risk factors and the risks of all-cause and CVD mortality was well established [20, 34–36].