INSs are potent drugs that are usually effective not only for nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching, but also for ocular symptoms, such as ocular itching and tearing, in adults and children with SAR and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR); these effects arise through different kinds of pharmacologic actions via the binding of corticosteroids to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors, resulting in strong anti-inflammatory effects33. The gene discussed is NR3C1; the disease is perennial allergic rhinitis.