HIV infection and cocaine interaction are known to induces oxidative stress and ROS production7, 42, and it may activate energy sensor AMPKs, mitochondrial biogenesis and subsequently impact downstream signals for CDC25B, CDC25C, MAP/Tau, Wee1 and SWI/SNF transcription, which may play a vital role in neuronal dysfunction in HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). This evidence concerns the gene CDC25C and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.