In total, of the 38 AML samples, most samples with TET2 mutations (7/8), DNMT3A mutations (9/12), ASXL1 mutations (6 /7) and MLL fusions (3/4) led to either leukaemic or non-leukaemic repopulation (Fig. 4a,b, Supplementary Figs 5 and 6). This evidence concerns the gene ASXL1 and acute myeloid leukemia.