MAPK3 and neoplasm: sCLU protects tumour cells from apoptosis by stablising Ku70/Bax to prevent its actions on the mitochondrial membrane activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway, modulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling and matrix metallopeptidase-9 expression, and increasing angiogenesis[4].