NFKB1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: In an ex vivo ARDS study, prolonged methylprednisolone treatment, contrary to placebo, was associated with upregulation in GRα, significant increases in GC–GRα-mediated activities (GRα binding to NF-κB, GRα binding to GC response element on DNA, stimulation of inhibitory protein IκBα, and stimulation of IL-10 transcription), and significant reductions in NF-κB–κb DNA-binding and the transcription of TNF-α and IL-1β (23).