CTLA4 and neoplasm: This study sets the stage for further investigation of BRAF plus MEK inhibition followed by PD-1 with or without CTLA-4 inhibition for select groups of patients who have high tumor burden or rapidly progressive symptomatic disease, which will be borne out in the phase III ECOG study (NCT02224781) currently underway to evaluate dabrafenib plus trametinib followed by IPI plus NIVO at progression compared with IPI plus NIVO followed by dabrafenib plus trametinib at progression in patients with BRAF V600-mutant advanced melanoma.