Moreover, microglia activation leads to the nuclear translocation of transcription factor NF-κB, which upregulates the release of inflammatory mediators such as COX-2 and iNOS as well as induction of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in PD (Mosley et al., 2006). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Parkinson disease.