As shown in Fig. 7d and Supplementary Fig. 20d, NCP@pyrolipid in combination with anti-PD-L1 significantly increased the proportion of infiltrating CD8+ T cells in relation to the total number of cells in primary tumours (t-test, P=4.7 × 10−2 without irradiation; P=1.1 × 10−2 with irradiation) and distant tumours (t-test, P=2.2 × 10−2 without irradiation; P=6.3 × 10−3 with irradiation), an essential step to induce the abscopal effect. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.