PDPN and gastric cancer: In addition, lymphatic vessel density was reduced by curcumin in an in vivo human gastric cancer model, lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1 (LYVE-1), prospero homeobox 1 (Prox-1), podoplanin, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) mRNA expression were down-regulated, which indicated gastric cancer lymph node metastasis might be inhibited by curcumin [63].