HAMP and anemia (phenotype): Anemia is particularly high in infants during the weaning period (i.e., after six months of age) for several reasons: inadequate iron stores at birth due to low birth weight, prematurity, lack of delayed umbilical cord clamping, and maternal anemia; increased requirements for rapid growth and erythropoiesis due to blood loss from parasitic infections; high infection burden (e.g., malaria) that increases hepcidin and reduces iron absorption and utilization; and insufficient bioavailable iron in complementary foods [3].