Adding clinical relevance to our findings, comparison of the miRNA alterations observed in the cell line model to those observed in a large cohort of 152 primary ER+ breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen [19] showed that in particular the combination of 2 miRNAs (miR-190b and miR-516a-5p) were predictive of treatment outcome in 2 of 3 patient cohorts. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and breast carcinoma.