Recently, a number of somatic mutations, such as mutations in ASXL1, EZH2, TET2, IDH1/2, DMNT3A, RUNX1, NRAS, KRAS, TP53, and splicing complex genes, which may play important roles in the pathogenesis of MDS, have been described [11]. The gene discussed is RUNX1; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.