All previously reported genome-wide significant loci7, 8, 9—including GDF7, ALDH1A2, TBX5, CRTC1, FOXP1, FOXF1, and the MHC region (table)—were also associated with both Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma at the genome-wide significance threshold. Here, GDF7 is linked to esophageal adenocarcinoma.