Hyperglycemia is characterized not only by a high-level production of ROS but also by an impairment of the intracellular antioxidant defense system, such as the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), a master upregulator of several antioxidant enzymes [54,55]; consequently, the induction of genes encoding antioxidant molecules, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase is also affected [56]. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is Hyperglycemia.