BRAF and melanoma: For instance the detection of v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) V600E mutation is now decisive for melanoma treatment options that involve targeted BRAF kinase inhibitors, and V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations in colorectal cancer patients predict resistance to anti-epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody based therapy (panitumumab and cetuximab) [4,5].