IL6 and infection: To analyze the response of cytokines in infected neurons, the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, antivirus cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines was analyzed by real-time PCR at 6 and 24 h p.i. The results showed that the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL-10, IFN-β, IL-10, and TGF-β was increased significantly after PR8 and ST169 infection (Figure 4).