In a study that proved Sjögren’s syndrome autoantigen RO60/SS-A binds Alu RNAs, transfection of the bound Alu motif into peripheral blood cells stimulated proinflammatory cytokine secretion, while IFN-α treatment of RO60-null lymphocyte cells activated Alu transcription [490]. The gene discussed is RO60; the disease is Sjogren syndrome.