Some recent studies in human patients with schizophrenia have shown AE interventions to be associated with increased BDNF serum concentrations (Kuo et al., 2013; Kim H. et al., 2014; Kimhy et al., 2015) and one study found that the increased BDNF concentration accounted for a significant proportion of the improvements they had observed in cognitive performance observed in following AE (Kimhy et al., 2015). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is schizophrenia.