Against the backdrop of growing evidence for a tight interplay between Paf1C/Ctr9 and Notch signaling, as well as cell cycle gene expression, it is not surprising that Paf1C/Ctr9 is emerging as an important factor in human cancer (Dey et al. 2011; Hanks et al. 2014; Muntean et al. 2010; Newey et al. 2009; Takahashi et al. 2011; Zeng and Xu 2015). This evidence concerns the gene CTR9 and cancer.