In order to provide further evidence of Birinapant-TRAIL efficiency, co-treatment protocols were tested in models involving tumour microenvironment, like 3D tumour cell cultures: a significant reduction of tumour size and disorganization (Fig. 5e) and higher staining of cleaved caspase-3, as shown in confocal microscopy images (Fig. 5f) was detected after the combined treatment of Birinapant and TRAIL for 6 days. Here, CASP3 is linked to neoplasm.