Artificial induction also activates the p53-independent, cathepsin-mediated lysosomal cell death pathway, which results in hyper-sensitization to tumour necrosis factor and anti-cancer drugs (Fehrenbacher et al., 2008, 2004), suggesting that altered lysosome biogenesis could be exploited in treating cancer (Fehrenbacher and Jäättelä, 2005). This evidence concerns the gene CTSS and cancer.