Diabetes-specific data were: diabetes duration 16.9 ± 8.1 years, HbA1c 7.4% ± 0.6% (57 ± 6.3 mmol·mol−1), c-peptide 0.13 ± 0.19 nmol·L−1, carbohydrate factor 12 ± 4.9 g [31], and total daily insulin dose 41 ± 16 U. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.