The imbalance between the production of ROS and their effective removal by non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant systems could induce endothelial dysfunction through inducing injury, apoptosis and necrosis of endothelial cells, promoting accumulation of macrophage-derived cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and increasing the permeability of endothelium [5,6,7]. Here, TNF is linked to endothelial dysfunction.