Because higher miR-181a levels are associated with improved outcomes in AML [2, 9, 26–28], and because miR-181a downregulation contributed to leukemia growth (Figure 1) and directly targeted KRAS, NRAS and MAPK1, we reasoned that increasing miR-181a may have therapeutic value in AML. This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and acute myeloid leukemia.